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The origin of agroforestry practices-growing trees and shrubs with
food and fruit crops and grasses is traditional and very old-but
the science of agroforestry is new. Years of experience and
experiments have shown that agroforestry as a land-use system is
capable of yielding both food and wood and at the same time helps
in conserving and rehabilitating the ecosystems. It has the
capability to increase the overall productivity of land, maintain
the nutrient balance in the soil, and above all, protect the
nature. In the recent years, agroforestry has been recommended as a
core subject in the curriculum of B. Sc. (Forestry) and B. Sc.
(Agriculture) courses of agricultural universities. This book has
been divided into ten chapters covering very comprehensive
information on all aspects of agroforestry including history,
concepts, systems classification, tree-crop interactions, planning
and management, diagnosis and design, policy and projects, and
propagation and management practices of multipurpose trees. This
book is co-published with NIPA. Taylor and Francis does not sell or
distribute its print and electronic editions in India, Pakistan,
Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.
This edited book describes how newly emerging Artificial
Intelligence (AI) technologies will provide unprecedented
opportunities to penetrate technology and automation into
everything we do, and at the same time, provide a huge playing
field for businesses to develop newer models to capture market
share. It establishes a milestone in understanding global
transformational changes occurring in the manufacturing and
corporate world due to AI and tries to find powerful and
sophisticated solutions that will improve and streamline
operations. Reinventing Manufacturing and Business Processes
Through Artificial Intelligence will be of interest to students,
researchers, and professionals of the AI community as well as
interdisciplinary researchers.
To understand modern science, it is essential to recognize that
many of the most fundamental scientific principles are drawn from
the knowledge of ancient civilizations. Taking a global yet
comprehensive approach to this complex topic, A History of Science
in World Cultures uses a broad range of case studies and examples
to demonstrate that the scientific thought and method of the
present day is deeply rooted in a pluricultural past. Covering
ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, India, Greece, China, Islam, and the
New World, this volume discusses the scope of scientific and
technological achievements in each civilization and how the
knowledge it developed came to impact the European Renaissance.
Themes covered include the influence these scientific cultures had
upon one another, the power of writing and its technologies,
visions of mathematical order in the universe and how it can be
represented, and what elements of the distant scientific past we
continue to depend upon today. Topics often left unexamined in
histories of science are treated in fascinating detail, such as the
chemistry of mummification and the Great Library in Alexandria in
Egypt, jewellery and urban planning of the Indus Valley, hydraulic
engineering and the compass in China, the sustainable agriculture
and dental surgery of the Mayas, and algebra and optics in Islam.
This book shows that scientific thought has never been confined to
any one era, culture, or geographic region. Clearly presented and
highly illustrated, A History of Science in World Cultures is the
perfect text for all students and others interested in the
development of science throughout history.
To understand modern science, it is essential to recognize that
many of the most fundamental scientific principles are drawn from
the knowledge of ancient civilizations. Taking a global yet
comprehensive approach to this complex topic, A History of Science
in World Cultures uses a broad range of case studies and examples
to demonstrate that the scientific thought and method of the
present day is deeply rooted in a pluricultural past. Covering
ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, India, Greece, China, Islam, and the
New World, this volume discusses the scope of scientific and
technological achievements in each civilization and how the
knowledge it developed came to impact the European Renaissance.
Themes covered include the influence these scientific cultures had
upon one another, the power of writing and its technologies,
visions of mathematical order in the universe and how it can be
represented, and what elements of the distant scientific past we
continue to depend upon today. Topics often left unexamined in
histories of science are treated in fascinating detail, such as the
chemistry of mummification and the Great Library in Alexandria in
Egypt, jewellery and urban planning of the Indus Valley, hydraulic
engineering and the compass in China, the sustainable agriculture
and dental surgery of the Mayas, and algebra and optics in Islam.
This book shows that scientific thought has never been confined to
any one era, culture, or geographic region. Clearly presented and
highly illustrated, A History of Science in World Cultures is the
perfect text for all students and others interested in the
development of science throughout history.
Global warming is having a huge impact on the world’s ecosystem.
Glaciers have shrunk, ice on rivers and lakes is breaking up early,
and plant and animal ranges have relocated. On a worldwide scale,
the threat posed by climate change and pollution is clearly
obvious. A green and sustainable future necessitates using
renewable resources to produce fuels, chemicals, and materials.
This investigates diverse bioprocesses that are crucial to everyday
life, including the key concerns regarding the generation of
biofuels, energy and food securities along with waste management.
Commercial interest in biotechnological processes has risen to
produce pharmaceuticals, health supplements, foodstuffs, biofuels,
and chemicals using a biocatalyst such as enzymes, microorganisms,
plant cells, or animal cells in a bioreactor. The sustainability of
renewable biomass, replacement of depleted fossil fuels, and the
mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions from the existing chemical
and oil industries are the key benefits of switching to
bioproducts. This book aims to discuss bioprocessing to produce
biofuels, biobased chemicals, bioproducts, and biomass biorefinery
processes. This involves designing novel pretreatment and
fractionation technologies for lignocellulose biomass into
cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin and the conversion of these
streams into biofuels and biobased chemicals via biochemical and
thermochemical routes. This book also covers the advancement of
oleaginous microorganisms for biofuels and nutraceutical,
biological wastewater treatment. Written and edited by authors from
leading biotechnology research groups from across the world, this
exciting new volume covers all of these technologies, including the
basic concepts and the problems and solutions involved with the
practical applications in the real world. Whether for the veteran
engineer or scientist, the student, or a manager or other
technician working in the field, this volume is a must-have for any
library.
SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION INNOVATIONS Presenting the latest
technologies and practices in this ever-changing field, this
groundbreaking new volume covers the gambit for providing solutions
and practical applications of smart and efficient energy systems.
The global and climate changes we are witnessing are primarily
driven by factors such as rising population, economic growth, and
industrialization. These changes have led to an increase in
atmospheric CO2, pollution, deforestation, water scarcity, and
hunger, among other pressing issues. To ensure a green and
sustainable future, it is crucial to harness renewable resources
for the production of fuels, chemicals, and materials. The book,
Sustainable Production Innovations, addresses several bioprocesses
that are integral to our daily lives, tackling important topics
such as biofuel production, energy and food security, and
wastewater management. The commercial interest in biotechnological
processes has grown significantly due to their ability to utilize
biocatalysts such as enzymes, bacteria, plant cells, or animal
cells in bioreactors for the production of medications, health
supplements, foods, biofuels, and chemicals. Switching to
bioproducts offers key benefits such as the sustainability of
third-generation biofuels, CO2 sequestration, effective waste
utilization, and meeting the increasing demand for clean water. The
book explores various procedures used in biomass biorefineries and
bioprocessing for the production of biofuels, biobased chemicals,
and bioproducts. It also delves into advancements in utilizing
oleaginous microorganisms for biofuels and nutraceuticals,
biological wastewater treatment, and microplastic detection
techniques in water. Additionally, the book covers topics such as
biolubricant technologies, bioprocessing of agricultural and forest
waste, biotechnological approaches in the cosmetic industry, and
large-scale applications of nanomaterials for water treatment.
Authored by experts from leading biotechnology research groups
around the world, the book comprises 13 chapters featuring the
latest research in each subject. It is a valuable resource for
scholars in chemical engineering, applied microbiology,
biotechnology, agricultural biotechnology, environmental
biotechnology, and related fields, offering new insights into the
sustainable use of renewable energy and biochemicals.
Professionals, including biochemical engineers, phycologists,
bioprocess engineers, chemical engineers, scientists, and
researchers in the water, food, pharmaceutical, and renewable
energy industries will find this book beneficial. Likewise,
students and faculty in the chemical engineering and energy
departments will gain valuable knowledge from its contents.
This book, divided in ten chapters, deals with topics like
significance of food hygiene, quality and safety in hospitality
industry, food microbiology, various microorganisms & their
growth, causes and prevention of foodborne diseases. It explains
the concept of purchase, receiving and storage of food ingredients
in food service establishments, hygienic handling of food in food
service operations. It also includes topics like personal hygiene,
safety issues in catering establishments like fire & accident
prevention/control and first-aid. It highlights how locations for
catering outlet are selected and planned from sanitation point of
view. It further deals with topics like cleaning & disinfection
of premises, dishwashing, cleaning agents, pest control, importance
of water, waste and sewage disposal. Various food laws and
regulations like international regulations pertaining to food and
new food laws of India (Food Safety and Standard Act, 2006),
Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954 and other national &
international food regulations are given in detail. It discusses
food adulteration and its method of detection & control, and
focuses on concepts of labeling & traceability and types &
trends in packaging. It deals with Quality Assurance, Codex
Alimentarius, GHP, GMP TQM, ISO 9000, ISO 14000, ISO 22000 and its
importance, quality and international food standards. The concept
of HACCP and its applications in food establishments are explained
in detail. It highlights genetically modified food, its safety
concerns and advantages & disadvantages, role of biotechnology
& food security, risk assessment and risk management of food.
For further reference readers may refer to HACCP: Applications and
its Challenges another book by the same author and publisher.
Salient Features: Explores key elements of food safety &
quality with fundamental theoretical concepts & techniques for
food operation in hospitality sector. Deals with latest food safety
techniques, food laws, regulations, practices and standards
followed worldwide. Emerging international issue of concern in food
sector.
Advances in Cyanobacterial Biology presents the novel, practical,
and theoretical aspects of cyanobacteria, providing a better
understanding of basic and advanced biotechnological application in
the field of sustainable agriculture. Chapters have been designed
to deal with the different aspects of cyanobacteria including their
role in the evolution of life, cyanobacterial diversity and
classification, isolation, and characterization of cyanobacteria
through biochemical and molecular approaches, phylogeny and
biogeography of cyanobacteria, symbiosis, Cyanobacterial
photosynthesis, morphological and physiological adaptation to
abiotic stresses, stress-tolerant cyanobacterium, biological
nitrogen fixation. Other topics include circadian rhythms, genetics
and molecular biology of abiotic stress responses, application of
cyanobacteria and cyanobacterial mats in wastewater treatments, use
as a source of novel stress-responsive genes for development of
stress tolerance and as a source of biofuels, industrial
application, as biofertilizer, cyanobacterial blooms, use in
Nano-technology and nanomedicines as well as potential
applications. This book will be important for academics and
researchers working in cyanobacteria, cyanobacterial environmental
biology, cyanobacterial agriculture and cyanobacterial molecular
biologists.
Use ensemble learning techniques and models to improve your machine
learning results. Ensemble Learning for AI Developers starts you at
the beginning with an historical overview and explains key ensemble
techniques and why they are needed. You then will learn how to
change training data using bagging, bootstrap aggregating, random
forest models, and cross-validation methods. Authors Kumar and Jain
provide best practices to guide you in combining models and using
tools to boost performance of your machine learning projects. They
teach you how to effectively implement ensemble concepts such as
stacking and boosting and to utilize popular libraries such as
Keras, Scikit Learn, TensorFlow, PyTorch, and Microsoft LightGBM.
Tips are presented to apply ensemble learning in different data
science problems, including time series data, imaging data, and
NLP. Recent advances in ensemble learning are discussed. Sample
code is provided in the form of scripts and the IPython notebook.
What You Will Learn Understand the techniques and methods utilized
in ensemble learning Use bagging, stacking, and boosting to improve
performance of your machine learning projects by combining models
to decrease variance, improve predictions, and reduce bias Enhance
your machine learning architecture with ensemble learning Who This
Book Is For Data scientists and machine learning engineers keen on
exploring ensemble learning
This book discusses harnessing the real power of cloud computing in
optimization problems, presenting state-of-the-art computing
paradigms, advances in applications, and challenges concerning both
the theories and applications of cloud computing in optimization
with a focus on diverse fields like the Internet of Things,
fog-assisted cloud computing, and big data. In real life, many
problems - ranging from social science to engineering sciences -
can be identified as complex optimization problems. Very often
these are intractable, and as a result researchers from industry as
well as the academic community are concentrating their efforts on
developing methods of addressing them. Further, the cloud computing
paradigm plays a vital role in many areas of interest, like
resource allocation, scheduling, energy management, virtualization,
and security, and these areas are intertwined with many
optimization problems. Using illustrations and figures, this book
offers students and researchers a clear overview of the concepts
and practices of cloud computing and its use in numerous complex
optimization problems.
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